My Experience As A Social Worker - 1231 Words

Since my experience as a Social Worker has mainly been focused with the youth population, during the course of my career I had to develop very creative skills to engage such population. They experienced inevitable unremitting stress, such as poverty, failing education and exposure to community and interpersonal violence, being aware or pay attention to a task, was very difficult to them. I have done my work with a lot a passion, but since I started the CMF Program, I gained a level of awareness that also gave me a much needed compassionate space for my own suffer and made me get closer to my identity and purpose. I realized that presence is cultivated by practicing being mindful in the smallest occasion, being connected with intention and always requesting an invitation to create a space where relationships and connections occur. It’s about the quality of our attention, and the quality of our thoughts. Without being aware, we create and reproduce structures of domination and biases, by blocking personal growth and continuing marginalization. I have worked on a very real communication, not patronizing my ideas, or hide my weakness. I try vigilantly to praise and appreciate the common human sensitivity, and have an appreciation to see the how the awareness development occurs on the participants that come to my meetings. I have refreshed my skills as a facilitator by always paying attention on how I make my presence to others. I have tried to meet my clients, friends,Show MoreRelated My Experiences as a Medical Social Worker Essay601 Words   |  3 Pagesstroke. He was a carnival worker and was only planning to be in Lexington for a temporary amount of time until the carnival left. When he was admitted into Saint Joseph Hospital, there were no indications that he had family and/or friends that should be contacted. At first, he was unable to talk, and his mobility was extremely limited. Last week, I was shadowing a social worker that had been asked to help fill out an application for this patient to qualify for Social Security because he nowRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker, Values, Beliefs, And Theory Of Practice782 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming a social worker. As social worker practitioner the fields that interest me to work in is domestic violence and child abuse because I want to make change to the society. Also Mahatma Gandhi was my major inspiration through this quote â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world†. Than an idea came to me, why not involve my contribution to the wide variety of communities. My communication with school counsellors and social workers has impacted my choice of desiring to study social work. IRead MoreBeing An Intern At The Salvation Army Center Of Hope1571 Words   |  7 Pages and thoughtfulness are just a selection of adjectives which describes the life of being a Social Worker. Throughout various interacti ons in life, we will meet and encounter different aspects of unforgettable experiences. Being able to rationalize and work through these experiences is a part of meeting our developmental growth. As a young adult, seeking to obtain an MSW is both exciting and rewarding in my life. Being an intern at The Salvation Army Center of Hope has given me the opportunity toRead MoreBecoming A Master s Degree For Social Work912 Words   |  4 PagesDelgado, truly believe that my past and current work experience has served as preparation to pursue my master’s degree in social work. I am very aware that it takes plenty of hard work and dedication to be successful in a graduate program, yet I believe that my experiences along with my current work experience will assist me in gaining that success in a master’s program. Five weeks before graduating from California State University Los Angeles (CSULA) with my bachelors in social work, I was offered aRead MoreThe Role Of A Social Worker954 Words   |  4 Pages MY EXPERIENCE AT â€Å"EXPONENTS LEADERS IN TRANSFORMING LIVES† 1 My Experience at â€Å"Exponents Leaders in Transforming Lives† and How It Changed How I View Social Workers Kevin Beauge CUNY York College MY EXPERIENCE AT â€Å"EXPONENTS LEADERS IN TRANSFORMING LIVES† 2 Abstract This paper explores the world of a Drug treatment Social Worker from an in person interview. The Interview with Melissa Rios Malave(LMSWRead MoreThe Social Work Code Of Ethics1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe primary mission of the social work profession is deeply rooted in a specific set of core values. These strict set of beliefs are embraced by professional history and are the framework to social work s unique purpose and mission. The six core values include Service, Social Justice, Dignity and Worth of the Person, Importance of Human Relationships, Integrity, and Competence. As Social Workers begin or continue their journey in social work it is significant to always properly represent, and advanceRead MoreMy Life At The Choices, The Downfalls Or Short Comings And Career Paths1434 Words   |  6 PagesLooking back over my life at the choices, the downfalls or short comings and career paths I previously worked, made me realized what is most important to me. It is the most rewarding f eeling to know you have made a difference in someone’s life. Quite often we take the little things that mean a lot in life for granted. Being able to inspire, empower and advocate for those in need is one of my main goals in life. With all the recent issues surrounding our youths across America, it suggests to me thatRead MoreA Study On Child And Family Development Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesto the social work field with various different career opportunities (Child and Family Development | Academics | Western Michigan University, n.d.). The ultimate goal of obtaining this degree and working in the social work field is to help improve the quality of life of individuals and their families within a dynamic community. The profession of a Social Worker originated in the 19th century. With the demise of the feudalism, the rising level of poverty was seen as a menace to the social orderRead MoreSocial Workers And The Social Work Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers are caregivers, they provide assistance to people in need, and they address social problems. The social worker’s goal is the improvement of society to better the lives of individuals in need. The social work professional mission is to enhance the well-being of people and to assist them in meeting their basic needs, with particular emphasis on the needs of the poor, and the vulnerable individual. The Social Work profession has six core values. Social workers incorporate these core valuesRead MoreThe Social Work Profession And Its Core Values Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesUSC Statement of Purpose My understanding of the social work profession and its core values is that social workers are caregivers, they provide assistance to people in need, and they address social problems. The social worker goal is the improvement of society to ameliorate the lives of individuals in need. The social work profession mission is to enhance the well-being of people and to assist them in meeting their basic needs, with particular emphasis on the needs of the poor, and the vulnerable

Racial Profiling And The Criminal Justice Field On Ethical...

American policing has developed enormously in the last century concerning ethical values and the standard of conduct that is expected of police employees. In any case, moral issues still emerge, for example, corruption for profit, code of silence, racial profiling and social status. The purpose of this paper is to provide contemporary ethical issues relating to policing and criminal justice. This essay will showcase the perceptions of two practicing professionals in the criminal justice field on ethical issues that they face while working in law enforcement. Additionally, it will provide my opinion on both Detective John Watson of New York City Police Department and of Georgia State Troop County Sheriff Corporal Officer Basir Felder. The role of ethics is vital to an officer, who must react rapidly to criminal activity, make life and death choices and obtain legitimate evidence. For instance, without the legitimate and ethical administration of Miranda Rights, notifying an offender o f his entitlement to an attorney and telling him that anything he says can be utilized against him; wouldn’t exist. (Miranda Rights, 2016) Detective Watson has been employed with the New York Police Department for 10 years, he plans to apply for the FBI next year. Detective Watson believes that your ethics and character are an immediate reflection upon the way you apply or handle yourself in various circumstances; whether it’s a summons, arrest, or interaction with civilians. Addtitonally, heShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling1321 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF â€Å"RACIAL PROFILING AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE† 1 Analysis of â€Å"Racial Profiling and Criminal Justice† Domenica Martinez Colorado Mesa University ANALYZING RACIAL PROFILING AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2 Research Question I chose to analyze article titled â€Å"Racial Profiling and Criminal Justice† which is written By Jesper Ryberg withinRead MoreAdvancement And Recommendations For Fingerprinting1519 Words   |  7 PagesCriminalistics: Advancement and Recommendations for Fingerprinting Table of Contents Criminalistics: An Introduction 2 Fingerprinting: History and Background 2 Fingerprints- What and How 4 The Society and Fingerprinting 6 Problems-Ethical and Legal 7 Recommendations 7 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................... 8 Bibliography..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................... 9 List of Figures Figure 1. In ancient China, thumb prints were found on clay seals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Figure 2. FrictionRead MoreEthics Or The Virtue Theory2029 Words   |  9 Pages AVirtue ethics or the virtue theory, is an ethical theory that examines the character of a human for morality (Dreisbach, 2013). When discussing the ethical and moral reasoning behind the racial divide of incarceration rates, virtue ethics requires us to evaluate the morality of the person doing a given act, rather than the act itself (Dreisbach, 2013). Using virtue ethics, you can look at the racial disparity from two perspectives that of the offender and that of the people enforcing the laws.Read MoreEthical and Legal Issues with DNA Profiling2693 Words   |  11 Pagesassociated with DNA fingerprint scanning service was initially produced by the geneticist, Alec Jefferys, in the University of Leicester situated in England, in the year 1984 (as cited in Lampton, 1991). Both primary kinds of DNA utilized in the actual profiling procedure consist of mitochondrial as well as nuclear DNA (Adams, 2005). DNA fingerprint scanning service can be further utilized to resolve paternity insta nces, to fit a claimed dad with his child. The procedure has also been essential within theRead MoreAdvance Review On Criminal Justice Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesAdvance Review of Criminal Justice Dolores Jackson Williams CJUS600-1504A-01 October 12, 2015 Colorado Technical University Advance Review of Criminal Justice New York, NY review board found that officer used excessive force when he tackled ex-tennis star James Blake, Greenville Co., SC deputy fired for punching handcuffed suspect in face, East Cleveland, Oh officer charged with ripping off drug dealers, city of Dallas, Texas office used excessive force settle for $125,000. KentuckyRead MoreThe Complex Relationship Between Community And The Community, Offenders, And Staff3377 Words   |  14 Pagesminority spurned by American society, individual prisoners and advocates for prisoners’ rights looked to the courts as the law and policy-producing forum most accessible and receptive to claims of rights. In the 16th and 17th centuries sanctions for criminal behavior were public events, which were to shame the offender and deter others from committing the same crime. Federal and State judges in the United States courts possessed the authority to examine whether the practices and conditions in correctionalRead MoreThe Stop and Frisk Policy of the NYPD is Not Justifiable Essay examples2281 Words   |  10 Pages The judicial system in America has always endured much skepticism as to whether or not there is racial profiling amongst arrests. 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The Regulation and Management of Nuclear Safety Free Essays

The study looks at the safe management of radioactive materials. As demand for products and services using radioactive material is growing, there is an increasing demand for appropriate guidelines to manage nuclear installations safety. In particular, there are two competing strategies for managing nuclear plants and radioactive materials: Defence in Depth and Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA), which are deterministic and probabilistic in nature respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on The Regulation and Management of Nuclear Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now There has been considerable debate concerning which is the best approach, leading to a need to address the negatives and positives of each in an academic study. This need informs this study, which considers the nature of each in risk assessment, prevention of nuclear incidents, and response to events. The study therefore presents a review of relevant recent literature on the topic. The study considers each approach in detail, looking first at the deterministic approach, which aims to address damage limitation at each of the potential stages involved in nuclear incidents. As an approach it uses expected deviations from normal operations. It has been improved over the years and currently allows realistic modelling of nuclear processes and events, and is currently an important way to assess potential problems and address them if they occur.Similarly, PSA is widely used around the world today, but offers a wider assessment of risk and also allows for operational events to be interpreted more accurately, leading to better perception of risk, and more ability to rank risks according to the likelihood they will occur. However, the study also shows that current regulations regarding nuclear safety, particularly the PSA are inadequate. Both approaches rely upon the assumption of normal conditions, which introduces uncertainty in quantification and hence in calculations.A possible approach to minimise the inherent problems of each approach is offered. Project Details: Order Number: 4180 Title: The Regulation and Management of Nuclear Safety Project Type: Essay. Academic Level: Masters. Work done so far: 2,000 Words Purchase Details: The abstract you just read is for a pre-written project. These projects are plagiarism free and of a 2.1. (B) quality. Click here for more information on our pre-written essays and dissertations for sale. These projects were written to match a client’s specific requirements, and may need to be tweaked to match yours. If you’re interested in one of these titles, kindly contact us, so we may send you a sample. Kindly include the name of the essay and order number in your email. Once you have paid, it would be taken off this page and never re-sold. You would also be sent a plagiarism report. Click here to Buy this Essay How to cite The Regulation and Management of Nuclear Safety, Essay examples The regulation and management of nuclear safety Free Essays Abstract Deterministic and Probabilistic safety assessments are both important aspects of the ‘Defense in depth’ strategy that is globally adopted today. Advancements in computational capacities, along with development of superior algorithms and code development for probabilistic safety assessments have significantly improved our risk assessment, preparedness, and event response. Innovative approaches such as 2 Phase Monte Carlo simulations and the use of second order probabilities and nested iterations produce better mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainty quantifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The regulation and management of nuclear safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Radioactive materials are in wide use. The applications for radioactive material are growing, especially in scientific domains such as medical diagnosis and treatment, industrial research, and power generation. However, safety continues to be a major concern due to the scale of damage that could be caused by radioactive contamination or an uncontrolled nuclear reaction. The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) continuously strives to update guidelines pertaining to the safety regulations of nuclear installations and their operations. Though ‘Defense in depth’ has been the main strategy adopted by all nuclear countries over the last couple of decades, there has been considerable trend in the inclusion of ‘Probabilistic Safety Analysis’ (PSA) as part of the regulatory requirements in nuclear plants (NEA 2007). Today, in most countries, deterministic designs and probabilistic assessments have become key components in achieving compliance with international nuclear safety regulations. With the phenomenal growth in modern computational capabilities, the PSA has also evolved significantly and is providing nuclear scientists better evolutional tools and capabilities for risk metrics. With PSA being a part of the periodic safety reviews it is useful in identifying design and operational improvements that could translate to lowered risks. Decoupling of uncertainty and containment of damage are important safety goals in nuclear installations. This paper will focus on deterministic and probabilistic safety analysis and will discuss the role played by these techniques in better risk assessment disaster prevention and better preparedness, event response, and damage control in the event of an incident that is beyond the design basis safety. In particular events such as ‘Station blackout (SBO), ‘Hydraulic study, Flood modeling and Correlation hazards would be discussed using examples. The Deterministic Approach Deterministic safety analysis includes the ‘defense in depth’ and ‘Leak tight barriers’ approach that ensure successive stages of preventive measures to limit the damage due to possible equipment failures and human errors. Deterministic safety analysis provides for expected operational deviations, ‘Design Basis Accidents’ (DBAs), and those that are ‘Beyond Design Basis Accidents’ (BDBAs) (IAEA 2009). Over the years, the improvements in computational capacities have improved deterministic safety analysis from purely conservative estimates of anticipated operational deviations towards more realistic modeling of complicated nuclear processes and thermal hydraulic events. For instance, ‘Two phase flow’ models that are currently gaining popularity are beginning to provide a more accurate modeling of thermal hydraulic events in the water piping systems connected to the nuclear reactors. This allows nuclear scientists to achi eve a more realistic uncertainty evaluation. With the best estimate approach, it is currently possible to obtain more accurate simulations of operational occurrences – for instance such an approach would be highly effective in the evaluation of ‘Loss of coolant accidents’ (IAEA 2009). Performing a best estimate analysis involves the use of best estimate codes with realistic data along with an evaluation of uncertainties pertaining to both the models used and the data input. This approach contributes in identifying the safety parameters that are most relevant to the plant functioning. Deterministic safety analysis, also known as ‘accident analysis’ is one of the important tools in assessing and fixing problems. Periodic analysis is essential to ensure the safety of the nuclear systems. It is possible that design based safety may sometimes be overridden during the operational stages of the reactor. One of the well known examples of how design based safety was made invalid was the Fermi-1 reactor incident of 1966. In this case, an unexpected and inexplicable sub-assembly fuel blockage scenario resulted in fuel melting and triggering of radiation alarms, which was contained within the reactor. Luckily the control systems that were in place worked perfectly to limit any further damage. Incident analysis later revealed that Design Basis Safety was over ridden by a late stage addition of 6 Zircaloy plates that were used to direct NA coolant flow. It turned out that one of these Zircaloy plates got detached from the section liners and obstructed the fuel ass emblies. Since these plates were not in the original design basis, they escaped quality control pertaining to the design. However, from the point of deterministic safety analysis, this incident provided valued input to design specifications, with future fuel assemblies incorporating multiple fuel inlets to avoid possible complete blockage and fuel starvation as was the case in Fermi-1 (Ragheb 2010). Probabilistic Safety Analysis The Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) also referred to as the ‘Probabilistic Risk Assessment’ (PRA), is currently part of the regulatory safety assessment of nuclear plants in most countries. The PSA provides plant mangers with a more comprehensive risk assessment and better interpretation of operational events. The PSA enables plant operators achieve broader risk perception and better prioritization of these risks based on their probabilistic values. It provides for better sensitivity testing and provision of a broader range of counter measures to these probabilistic events. In a nut shell, the PSA enables plant managers to operate with better knowledge and anticipation by providing a ‘risk informed- integrated decision making process’ (NEA, 2007). PSA results could be used as a complement to deterministic analysis to improve the overall safety of the nuclear plant. One of the earliest applications of probabilistic models that was used in the UK was in the design of ‘Advanced Gas-Cooled reactors.’ The Hartlepool and Heysham 1 reactors were among the first to incorporate probabilistic analysis alongside deterministic safety evaluation in the UK. Today, the PSA is mandatory in the UK for all nuclear plants and a PSA review is conducted periodically for all plants to make sure that plant designs are in conformance with the safety standards that ensure the risk to staff and public are ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) (NEA 2007). The inadequacy of the current regulations with regards to safety review and in particular the PSAs was bought to the fore by the Fukushima disaster. The Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan is a well known case in point of the failure of a proper PSA assessment of external correlated hazards. This type of PSA assessment is done by applying statistical correlation to the related data pertaining to the site’s external conditions. The extensive incident report of the Fukushima disaster concluded that the current regulatory requirements in many aspects, including flooding studies and flood modeling simulations and station blackout requirements, need to be reviewed and improved. In the Fukushima case, the prolonged station blackout, instrumentation failure, and the consequent core meltdown provided many useful conclusions. In particular, the boiling water reactors at the site suffered from design failures. Moreover, during a power outage, the operators could not vent out the hydrogen g as accumulation which eventually caused the explosions. Therefore, the probability of hydrogen accumulation and explosion during a station blackout event assumes greater significance for future PSA studies. Furthermore, the Fukushima incident also highlight that the interactions between multiple units were left out of the PSA purview. Future PSA assessments should also consider several correlated hazards such as ‘mechanical overload’, ‘submergence’, ‘powerful winds’, ‘seismic hazard’ and the potential combined effect of these (Lyubarskiy et.al 2012). Level 1 PSA (Monte Carlo simulations) Both deterministic and probabilistic analyses are based on our current knowledge of the behavior of processes and their parameters under normal conditions. However, this introduces epistemic uncertainty. The following figures illustrate these uncertainties. Fig: Curves showing Continuous epistemic distribution (Rao et.al, 2008) The standard practice for the calculation of epistemic uncertainties is the use of Monte Carlo Simulations. Also, to identify aleatory uncertainties, several models such as ‘Reliability Block Diagram’(RBD), ‘Fault Tree Analysis’ (FTA), and ‘Event tree analysis’ are used. The problem with using FTA to simulate reliability and availability of engineering systems is that it ignores variables pertaining to ‘time to repair/failure’ resulting in aleatory uncertainties. To overcome these defects and to reduce the uncertainty component in the risk assessment, some improvements are suggested. One of them is the use of 2 point Monte Carlo Simulations that sample both epistemic and aleatory variables (Rao et.al, 2008). A better approximation of uncertainties is possible by separating the aleatory uncertainties from the epistemic uncertainties. The following figure illustrates a 2 phase Monte Carlo simulation with the epistemic and the aleato ry variables (Rao et.al, 2008). A model that provides better uncertainty quantification for events that involve both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties is to perform second order probability analysis. This involves individual treatment of both aleatory and epistemic variables followed by nested iterations (Eldred 2009). Level 2 PSA (ASTEC) One of the important aspects of defense- in depth strategy is to consider the possibility of ‘Severe Accidents’ (SA). These accidents are outside the design basis accidents and usually have a powerful impact on the environment. Analyzing these SAs necessitates comprehensive knowledge of critical processes, such as the ‘containment system,’ ‘core melting,’ ‘core concrete interaction,’ ‘fuel flow mechanics,’ etc. Very often the results of the analysis would be affected by many factors such as, computer code related uncertainties, data uncertainties and plant-based uncertainties, and last but not the least is the user expertise. One of the well known simulation codes that is also approved by the ARPNET is the ASTEC. Primarily used for level 2 PSA, the ASTEC provides a comprehensive simulation of the complete phenomenology of nuclear accidents. This provides researchers with detailed stage specific simulations in any part of the reactor. Several models including the Core degradation model and fuel and aerosol hydraulics model that are part of the ASTEC PSA code provide for a through investigation of the incident (IRSN 2012). The following figure illustrates this (IRSN, 2012). The simulations can also illustrate core meltdown and corium formation, hydraulics of aerosols, etc (IRSN, 2012). While the ASTEC code is widely recognized and approved as an industry standard for PSA simulations, there are still problems that are reactor specific. For instance, the SOPHAEROS simulation (an ASTEC module) that is used to understand the transfer of fission products inside the reactor produces deviations in CANDU type reactors. This is ascribed to the differences in model geometry as used in SOPHAEROS compared with CANDU reactors. The following graph illustrates the differences in deposits of Cs, Sr and I with respect to the feeder radius (APOSTOL et.al, 2011). The following table illustrates the differences in results obtained using Taylor expansion (M1) and the direct SOPHAEROS code based calculation (APOSTOL et.al 2011). This difference is due to the use of average feeder dimensions in the SOPHAEROS code. This aberration could be corrected by creating a structure with Md diameters and Ml lengths (Apostol 2011). Fault Tree Analysis Fault tree analysis is the simple logical method to identify the relationship between the various component parts and how it affects the overall functioning of a system. Fault tree analysis is important tool for the probabilistic models used in the study of nuclear plant safety. The following illustration shows a fault tree Fig: Fault Tree: Injection Failure (Manely, 2003) Though fault trees are very effective in probabilistic risk assessment, they may become difficult for human analysis purpose, particularly, if the fault trees are large and there are so many logical levels between the ‘Top event’ and the lower initiating events (Woody 2011). Conclusion Nuclear power is one of the primary energy sources for many countries. The fast depleting carbon-based energy sources and their costly global warming foot prints have increased the shift towards Nuclear energy. However, issues about safety of design and operations of nuclear plants causes significant concerns among the public. Particularly, the history of nuclear accidents such as the ‘Three Mile Island’, ‘Chernobyl disaster’ and the more recent Fukushima incident have prompted for more stringent regulatory requirements and safety testing procedures. The Fermie-1 incident clearly indicates how ‘design based safety’ scrutiny could be inadvertently circumvented resulting in serious problems. Deterministic and Probabilistic safety assessments are both important aspects of the ‘Defense in depth’ strategy that is globally adopted today. Advancements in computational capacities, along with development of superior algorithms and code development for probabilistic safety assessments have significantly improved our risk assessment, preparedness and event response. Fault trees and event tree analysis and the use of state of the art software simulations (ASTEC) provide better security review and valid input for future plant designs or alterations to current plant designs. Innovative approaches, such as 2 Phase Monte Carlo simulations, and newer methods, such as applying second order probabilities and nested iterations, produce better mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainty quantifications. The increasing complexit y of current model in itself contributes to model uncertainty, as was discussed in the case of the SOPHAEROS module. However, by applying innovative solutions (Taylor expansion, in this case) these inadequacies between models could be resolved. Bibliography Dan Manely, (2003), Nuclear Safety and Reliability, viewed Nov 13th 2012, IAEA, (2009), Deterministic Safety Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide. K. Durga Rao, H.S. Kushwahaa, A.K. Vermab A. Srividya (2008), Quantification of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in level-1 probabilistic safety assessment studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai. Lyubarskiy, A, Kuzmina I, El-Shanawany M, (2012). Potential Areas for Enhancement of the PSA Methodology based on Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Accident, IAEA. M Ragheb PhD, (2010), The Fermi-1 Fuel meltdown incident, viewed Nov 12th 2012, https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/www/NPRE%20457%20CSE%20462%20Safety%20Analysis%20of%20Nuclear%20Reactor%20Systems/ Michael S. Eldred, Laura P. Swiler, (2009), Efficient Algorithms for Mixed Aleatory-Epistemic Uncertainty Quantification with Application to Radiation-Hardened Electronics Part I: Algorithms and Benchmark Results, Sandia Report. NEA, 2007, Use and development of probabilistic safety assessment, Published by OECD, viewed Nov 13th 2012, www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2007/csni-r2007-12.pdf IRSN, (2012), Enhancing Nuclear Safety: The AZTEC software package, viewed Nov13th 2012, Minodora APOSTOL, Aureliu LECA, Marin CONSTANTIN Ilie PRISECARU (2011), Dealing with uncertainties in Nuclear Safety Analysis (Part 11), U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 73, Iss. 4. Woody Epstein, (2011), What’s wrong with Fault tree linking approach for complex PRA modelsviewed Nov 13th 2012, woody.com/papers/whats-wrong-with-the-fault-tree/ How to cite The regulation and management of nuclear safety, Essay examples